Table 9 Methods and approaches of SIL in energy- and electricity systems

Simulation

Real-time simulation

Nguyen et al. (2019a), Guerrero, et al. (2016), Singh and Shubhanga (2017), Tuominen et al. (2017), Nguyen et al. (2019b), Bonassi (2020), Kwon and Choi (1999), Guerrero et al. (2021)

Unspecified method

Huber et al. (2014), Frotscher et al. (2019)

Discrete-time simulation

Osadcuks and Galins (2012)

Optimization

Artificial Immune Systems optimization

Guerrero, et al. (2016), Guerrero et al. (2021)

Clonal Selection Algorithm (CLONALG)

Guerrero et al. (2021)

Genetic algorithm

Nguyen et al. (2019a), Nguyen et al. (2019b)

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)

Singh and Shubhanga (2017)

Numerical optimization

Frotscher et al. (2019)

Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) for local microgrid optimization

Bonassi (2020)

Mixed-integer Linear Programming (MILP)

Bonassi (2020)

Emulation

IEEE-34 bus test feeder

Guerrero et al. (2016), Guerrero et al. (2021)

Dispatch

Cyclic battery charging

Osadcuks and Galins (2012)

Distributed economic dispatch and reserve provision

Bonassi (2020)

Load following

Osadcuks and Galins (2012)

Forecasting

Short-term load forecasting

Guerrero, et al. (2016), Tuominen et al. (2017), Frotscher et al. (2019), Bonassi (2020), Guerrero et al. (2021)

System state estimation

Guerrero, et al. (2016), Tuominen et al. (2017)

System state forecast

Tuominen et al. (2017)

Energy price forecast

Bonassi (2020)

Production forecast

Tuominen et al. (2017)

Forecasts based on artificial neural networks

Frotscher, et al. (2019)

Real-time prices

Energy price input signals

Bonassi (2020)

Control

Coordinated Volt/Var Control

Guerrero et al. (2016), Guerrero et al. (2021)

Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control

Nguyen et al. (2019a)

Model-predictive control

Rossi et al. (2019)

Real-time power control algorithm

Tuominen et al. (2017)

Analysis

Prony analysis (Prony's method)

Nguyen et al. (2019a, (b)