Table 6 In-the-loop paradigms of energy- and electricity systems

Energy- and electricity systems

Hardware-based

Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL)

Nguyen et al. (2019a), Tuominen et al. (2017), Ponchant et al. (2021), Gourisetti, et al. (2018), Kotsampopoulos et al. (2018), Musse et al. (2017), Han et al. (2022), Venturi et al. (2015), Ravikumar et al. (2020), Wang et al. (2021b), Caro et al. (2022), Wang, et al. (2020), Cao et al. (2019), Wang et al. (2021a), Rotger-Griful et al. (2016), Kim et al. (2030)

16 (42.1%)

Hardware-based

Power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL)

Guerrero, et al. (2016), Kotsampopoulos et al. (2018), Viehweider et al. (2012), Seo et al. (2011), Zhang et al. (2021), Mo et al. (2014), Huerta et al. (2016), Wang et al. (2021b), Wang et al. (2020), Herdt et al. (2021), Wang et al. (2021a), Hubschneider et al. (2018)

12 (31.6%)

Software-based

Software-in-the-loop (SIL)

Nguyen et al. (2019a), Guerrero et al. (2016), Huber et al. (2014), Rossi et al. (2019), Singh and Shubhanga (2017), Tuominen et al. (2017), Nguyen et al. (2019b), Frotscher et al. (2019), Osadcuks and Galins (2012), Bonassi (2020), Kwon and Choi (1999), Guerrero et al. (2021)

12 (31.6%)

Hardware-based

Controller Hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL)

Newaz et al. (2020), Kotsampopoulos et al. (2018), Musse et al. (2017), Zhang et al. (2021; Wang et al. (2020)

5 (13.2%)

Software-based

Processor-in-the-loop (PIL)

Youcefa et al. (2019), Fekkak et al. (2020)

2 (5.3%)

Hardware-based

FPGA-in-the-loop (FPGA-IL)

Singh and Shubhanga (2017; Morales-Caporal et al. (2018)

2 (5.3%)

Hardware-based

Power and communications hardware-in-the-loop (PCommHIL)

Zhang et al. (2021)

1 (2.6%)

Software-based

Controller software-in-the-loop (CSIL)

Nagy et al. (2012)

1 (2.6%)