Table 2 Summary of the background studies

Early-Stage Assessments

The study progresses to market analysis and business modelling, highlighting the need for comprehensive models that align with technology capabilities and market needs

Smith and Woodworth 2012;

Yang et al. 2022;

Meijer et al. 2019;

Policy and regulation landscape

Navigating the complex regulatory environment is crucial for the successful deployment of energy grid technologies

Reyna and Chester 2017;

Meijer et al. 2019;

Rajavuori and Huhta 2020;

Use case and Business case levels (SGAM)

This model appears to be more comprehensive compared to traditional R&D models, which may not have integrated technical, business, and policy layers as effectively

Priem et al. 2018:

Albano et al. 2014; Mashlakov et al. 2019; Panda and Das 2021;

Giordano et al. 2011;

Digitalization and Digital Entrepreneurship

This aspect marks a significant evolution from earlier models that did not fully incorporate the transformative potential of digital tools and platforms in energy sector innovation

Bumpus 2019; Iria and Soares 2023;

Bican and Brem 2020; Nambisan 2017; Parag and Sovacool 2016;

Agile and Lean Methodologies

This approach, focusing on flexibility and user-centric design, is more dynamic compared to some traditional R&D methodologies that might be more linear and less adaptive to market changes

Duc et al. 2019;

Jin et al. 2017;

Shafqat et al. 2021;

Intersection of UC and BC through Digital Entrepreneurship

The study suggests that digital entrepreneurship models act as a bridge between technical-functional aspects of UC and strategic-economic dimensions of BC

Wang and Shao 2023;

Bumpus 2019;

Satalkina and Steiner 2020