Table 4 Summary of relevant challenges in wind farms and manufacturing sectors

Fault prediction in general

Cloud and edge computing tech.

Li et al. (2021)

In mini factories

Seif et al. (2019)

Automatically update storage

Comparing actual and simulated data

Montoya et al. (2022)

Fatigue identification in particular parts

The support tower

Wang et al. (2021), Momber et al. (2022)

Electrical energy consumption interface

Motsch et al. (2021)

Provide a customized interface

The gearbox

Zhao et al. (2021), Moghadam et al. (2021)

Semiconductor

Iosifidis et al. (2021)

Condition monitoring and control

Ppitch angle controller

Parvaresh et al. (2020)

Remotely discharged within the manufacturing process

Birtel et al. (2020)

Remote control

In servo motor

Pethig et al. (2017)

Integrated components

In 5G architecture-enabled CPPS

Stock et al. (2021)

Layer integration

To integrate the technical information and the business information

Pargmann et al. (2018)

In the communication layer, integrating enterprise layer (e.g. business layer) and information layer (e.g. technical layer)

Ye and Hong (2018)

Layer integration

Prediction/estimation

Wind speed

Hu et al. (2020), Li and Shen (2022)

Generation of Dynamic Simulation Model

Göllner et al. (2021)

Modelling

The axial tension of mooring lines

Walker et al. (2021)

Tower load and fatigue

Branlard et al. (2020b), Branlard et al. (2020a)

Remaining useful life

Mehlan et al. (2022)

Track the life cycle

Marcon et al. (2019), Deuter and Imort (2021), Rauh et al. (2022)

Life cycle management