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Table 2 Recommended methods and technologies for the energy metaverse development

From: Energy metaverse: the conceptual framework with a review of the state-of-the-art methods and technologies

Energy metaverse element

Deployed methods and technologies

Software and tools

A versatile energy ecosystem data space

• Open source cloud-based data management system

• Open DevOps and MLOps platform

• Interconnected databases

• Microservices architecture

• Standard API interfaces

MongoDB (2023)

GitLab (2023)

OpenAPI (2023)

An interoperable virtual ecosystem living lab

• Digital twin technology

• Ecosystem architecture design and analysis methods

• Multi-agent-based simulations

• Hierarchical ontologies

• Communication protocols and Interoperability standards

SDU-CEI Energy Metaverse platform (Ma 2023)

Protégé (Protégé. 2023)

Protégé Ontology Web Language (OWL) API (Programmer's and Guide 2023)

An energy system models and AI algorithms sandbox

• Energy system models

• Deep learning algorithm libraries (DCNNs and LSTMs)

• Transfer learning techniques

• Communication protocols and interoperability standards

OpenModelica (2023)

Keras (2023)

PyTorch (2023)

Jupyter Notebook (2023)

A circular value chain co-design toolbox

• Business model framework

• Circular economy implementation strategies

• Climate mitigation and adaptation strategies

• Circular value chain framework

• Value co-creation models

• Ecosystem architecture design and analysis methods

Business model canvas (Strategyzer 2023)

Ecosystem map generator (2023)

Energy symbiosis designer (2023)

An ecosystem lifecycle evaluation software tool

• CSTEP ecosystem analysis and evaluation method

• Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) models

• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods (including social LCA and Sustainability Assessment)

• Green computing metrics

CSTEP Business Opportunity Identifier (2023)

OpenLCA (2023) and Brightway (2023)

PyMCDM (2023)