Fig. 1

2D visualization of the network’s steady states for data, DG samples, and Glauber samples are shown in a, c, and e, where the color of each point shows the corresponding cascade size. The point depicted with the green cross symbol is the corresponding mapping of the network state when all lines work, \({\textbf {s}}=(- 1,\ldots ,- 1)\). The empirical mean and pairwise uncentered covariance of generated DG and Glauber samples’ network states are approximately the same as data as depicted in b and d. Panel f shows the cascade size distribution for data and samples, and its inset depicts the binned probability of cascade size for samples against data