Fig. 4From: National-scale bi-directional EV fleet control for ancillary service provisionComparison of convergence dynamics using the Taylor or Wang formulation for the bilinear constraint relaxation, in terms of relative differences in total objective w.r.t. integer formulation, when stations optimize for costs and the fleet has a reference tracking objective. Confidence interval refers to all the 42 combinations of horizon length and number of EVs of Fig. 3Back to article page