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Table 4 Average total training time (until maximum accuracy is recorded) in seconds

From: Estimating time-delayed variables using transformer-based soft sensors

 

PV-Data

Inv-Data

MLP

892 ± 283

2058 ± 251

LSTM

10916 ± 2793

6032 ± 1977

Transformer

4635 ± 1263

4834 ± 1267

  1. For each architecture 10 models were trained