Fig. 5

Internal logic of the battery for charging or discharging. \(\triangle t\) is the step size between two time steps in hours. \(E_{old}\) is the current battery charge at the end of the last step, \(E_{new}\) the battery charge at the end of the step, \(P_{req}\) is the charge request and \(P_{act,c}^{Bat}\) the actual power that can be delivered from or fed into the battery. Above, \(P_{act}\) is also noted as \(P_{act,\,c}^{Bat}(t)\), but for the sake of clarity indices are not shown in this figure