Table 1 Definitions of CSTEP five dimensions

Climate, environmental and geographic situation

Climate

The general weather (including seasons) conditions that are usually found in a particular place

Environment

The conditions that people live, work or spend time in and the way that they influence how they feel, behave or work

Geographic situation

The natural features of a place, such as mountains and rivers

Societal culture, demographic environment

Societal culture

The way of life or work, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a society or an organization

Demographic environment

The demography of an area is the number and characteristics of the people who live in an area, in relation to their age, sex, if they are married or not, etc

Technology readiness

Infrastructure

The basic systems and services, such as transport and power supplies, that a place uses in order to work effectively

Technology development capacity

The set of capacities to plan for technology transfer and development to achieve regional and national goals (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2013)

Technology maturity

Refer to the Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) for assessing the maturity level of a particular technology (NASA 2021)

Technological skills

The knowledge and expertise needed to accomplish complex actions, tasks and processes relating to computational and physical technology

Economy and finance

Economy

Economy related to market trade, industry

Finance

Cost of labour, material, maintenance, and service Revenue from sales, income, compensation, Return-on-Investment

Policies and regulation

Policy

the activities of the government, members of law-making organizations, or people who try to influence the way a country is governed

Regulation

An official rule or the act of controlling something