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Energy Informatics
Fig. 11 | Energy Informatics

Fig. 11

From: A comparison of clustering methods for the spatial reduction of renewable electricity optimisation models of Europe

Fig. 11

Resulting total system costs for the \(60\%\)-\(\hbox {CO}_2\)-reduction scenario according to the objective function (7) respective clustering method. Resolutions in steps of 30 are on the x-axis, investment and operational costs on the y-axis in billion euros. The first row shows the total costs, a breakdown into generation and storage technology is displayed in the second and third row

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