Table 1 Key variables and calculation methods
From: Evaluating the CO2 abatement effects of low-carbon city policy in China: a quasi-natural experiment
Variable | Â | Variable description | Calculation method |
|---|---|---|---|
Dependent variable | Efficiency | carbon emission performance | calculated by Super-SBM DEA |
Independent variable | du × dt | pilot low-carbon city | dummy variable (0, 1) |
Control variables | pctgdp | economic development | the logarithm of actual per capita GDP |
fisdec | fiscal decentralization | the ratio of government public financial expenditure to regional GDP | |
forinv | openness | the rate of the actual use of foreign investment to regional GDP | |
indsru | industrial structure | the rate of the gross product of the secondary industry to regional GDP | |
popden | population density | the logarithm of year-end population per unit area | |
infras | infrastructure | the logarithm of number of buses per 10,000 people |