Fig. 6

Illustration of the effects of an attack scenario on RTU₃ without local monitoring. Figure 6 illustrates the effects of an attack on the RTU in the simulation testbed if no local monitoring is applied. The current on the lines is shown in the same colors as in Fig. 5, however, different events are observed. Three commands to change the topology are issued, which each trigger a recalculation of the topology and a renewed analysis of the (new) power flow equations in PyPower. Once all the commands are executed, the resulting disconnection of certain power lines causes isolation of a part of the neighborhood