Table 1 General responsibilities of stakeholders in the energy ecosystem
From: Energy Metaverse: a virtual living lab of the energy ecosystem
Stakeholder | General responsibility |
|---|---|
National ministries of energy | Are responsible for national energy policy and international cooperation on energy issues |
National energy agencies | Are responsible for tasks linked to energy production, supply, and consumption, as well as efforts to reduce carbon emissions |
Regulatory bodies | Are responsible for legally regulating aspects of the energy sector, independent of other non-government agencies. This responsibility may be distributed among several public organizations |
Local authorities | Are responsible for local planning and zone regulations |
System operators | Are responsible for operating the transmission and distribution grids |
Technology suppliers | Supplies the equipment necessary for operating the energy sector |
Energy market operators | Are responsible for operating the trading on the energy markets |
Energy producers | Are responsible for the production of energy from primary and secondary sources |
Energy traders | Are responsible for buying and selling shares of energy stocks and commodities exchanges to offer companies ways to hedge electricity price-related risks |
Energy retailers | Are responsible for buying electricity and gas in wholesale markets, packaging it with transportation services, and selling it to end customers |
Energy consumers | Are responsible for the end-use of energy |