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Table 3 Frequency of the problem classes and problem incidences in the dimension problem recognition

From: Identification and classification of heat pump problems in the field and their implication for a user-centric problem recognition

Question / Category

Different problem classes

Problem incidents

N

%

N

%

1. Causal component: Which component causes the problem?

 Heat pump (#HP)

13

30%

98

12%

 Additional heater (#AH)

2

5%

24

3%

 Heat distribution (#HD)

11

25%

159

19%

 Hot water (#HW)

12

27%

254

31%

 Heating control system (#HC)

6

14%

287

35%

2. Temporal incidence: When does the problem occur?

 Since installation

22

50%

563

68%

 Slowly over time

15

34%

227

28%

 Abruptly / after system changes

7

16%

32

4%

3. Components for recognition: Which component can be used to identify the problem?

 Heat pump

9

20%

74

9%

 Additional heater

1

2%

57

7%

 Heat distribution

13

30%

173

21%

 Hot water

8

18%

158

19%

 Heating control system

13

30%

360

44%

4. Problem recogniser: Who can recognise the problem?

 Guided user

22

50%

373

45%

 External expert

22

50%

449

55%

5. Smart meter patterns: Do problems create patterns in smart meter data?

 Probably recognisable

13

30%

358

44%

 Probably not recognisable

31

70%

464

56%