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Table 1 Model overview in model purpose and model output of the selected studies for neighborhood, heat and electricity

From: Agent-based modeling (ABM) for urban neighborhood energy systems: literature review and proposal for an all integrative ABM approach

Refs.

Model purpose

Model output

Category: local heating transition—policies makers

 Busch et al. (2017)

Analyzing policy interventions, institutional and governance hurdles for heat networks in London, UK

Recommendations for action for political decision-makers

 Wildt et al. (2021)

Acceptance and decision making of sustainable heating technologies in de Vruchtenbuurt

Recommendations for action for energy communities

 Nava-Guerrero et al. (2021)

Decision making of house insulation, sustainable heating technologies by natural gas consumption and heating costs

Recommendations for action for energy communities

 Nava-Guerrero (2022)

Analyze the impact of various financial policies for retrofitting the heating systems in the Netherlands

Recommendations for action for political decision-makers

Category: local heating transition—energy planer and energy multi-utilities

 Pagani et al. (2020)

Examine the expansion of a mid-sized city's district heat network in Switzerland by using a bottom-up heat demand model

Recommendations for investment decisions for energy utilities

 Guerrero et al. (2019)

Investigates socioeconomic factors that might promote local heat transitions over the next 20 years for an existing building in the Netherlands

Decision support for energy planners for local heat transformation

 Fouladvand et al. (2020)

Analyze thermal energy communities, in the Netherlands, about creation and persistence by the factors of neighborhood size

Decision support for energy planners for local heat transformation

 Fichera et al. (2021)

Net-zero energy with a virtual or peer-to-peer connection of 108 buildings and a PV Installation of 11,095 m2 in Catania, Sicily in Italy

Impact on the local energy grid and determination of recommended actions

Category: planning aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES)

Beernink et al. 2022)

Integration of an ATES for 26 buildings in Utrecht, Netherlands. Analysis for well sites

Planning aid for the use of ATES

Bloemendal et al. 2018)

Optimized use of underground space for existing ATES in the Netherlands

Planning aid for the use of ATES

Category: microgrid only electricity—PV, battery, household, building, substation

 Lovati et al. (2020)

Analysis of consumption patterns, electricity/financial flows, ownership and trading norms for a local electricity market with 48 prosumers (PV systems and battery) in a Swedish municipality

Impact on the local energy grid and business model

 Lovati et al. (2021)

Analysis of a plus-energy neighborhood with 48 buildings in Sweden

Impact on the local energy grid and business model

 Jg et al. (2020)

Analysis of blockchain-supported peer-to-peer electricity trading platform for 18 households installed with PV and battery in Perth, Australia

Impact of business models through trading strategies

 Fichera et al. (2020a)

Determination of allowable interconnection distance of grid connections between prosumers (PV systems and battery) in Catania, Italy

Impact on the local energy grid

 Hoffmann et al. (2020)

Analysis of various monetary and non-monetary incentives (strong, soft, and self-organizing) for system stability by 167 households

Impact on the local energy grid and business models

 Sun et al. (2018)

Analysis of energy efficiency improvements in buildings by involving behavioral and economic aspects of building stocks in the context of building energy efficiency, an example of London, England

Decision support for energy planners

 Kuznetsova et al. (2015)

Optimization for the robustness of a microgrid. The microgrid consists of a railroad station, PV plants, an urban wind turbine, and a nearby residential area

Impact on the local energy grid and business models

 Shiera et al. (2019)

Analysis of social, technical, environmental, and economic factors for a neighborhood of 18,720 households (1290 buildings)

Impact on the local energy grid

 Bellekom et al. (2016)

Analysis of the local grid management when increasing the share of prosumers in a local energy grid in the Netherlands

Impact on the local energy grid

 Fichera et al. (2020b)

Construction of a theoretical model of a local microgrid in southern Italy. Shown are 370 buildings with PV systems

impact on the local energy grid and economic efficiency

Category: microgrid electricity and heat

 Haque et al. (2017)

Analysis of control mechanism for congestion management in low voltage grid with 100% PV systems and heat pumps in the Netherlands

Development of local control strategies for sector coupling heat

 Shen et al. (2021)

Development of the Linear Upper Confidence Bound with the Contextual Bandit method to identify leakage problems in the heat network

Method development for leakage problems

 Kremers (2020)

Develop autonomous decision-making for local energy trading with prosumers

Impact on the local energy grid and economic efficiency

 Hall and Geissler (2020)

Analysis of three building cluster types using building flexibility by the PV system, battery, and heat pump for grid relief at the substation

Development of local control strategies for sector coupling heat

 Loose et al. (2020)

Optimization of an energy interconnection network of wastewater heat pump and cogeneration plants in the city of Lemgo, Germany

Development of local control strategies for sector coupling heat

 Khalil and Fatmi (2022)

Analyze energy demands resulting from COVID-19. Energy demands consider domestic and non-domestic activities of individuals

Method development for energy demand