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Fig. 8 | Energy Informatics

Fig. 8

From: Revealing interactions between HVDC cross-area flows and frequency stability with explainable AI

Fig. 8

Multiple factors affect the regulation of unscheduled flows on single HVDC links. We show the dependency plots for the first six most important features (measured by mean absolute SHAP values) in the flow models of Britned and Kontiskan as examples. The reference area for unscheduled outflows is GB (for Britned) and the Nordic area (for Kontiskan). While the frequency integral dominates the Britned model, other features such as the scheduled HVDC flows and actual load and generation also affect the unscheduled power flows on the two links

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