Fig. 3
From: Operational flexibility for multi-purpose usage of pooled battery storage systems
Flexibility calculation with non-problematic peak shaving and problematic MPOs. The load forecast is above the peak shaving limit (plot a) during the intervals 2 and 3 without causing a problem. Intervals 0 to 6 have MPOs, three of which derive in planning problems. The PP in interval 1 derives from the lack of energy to comply with the MPO and peak shaving required in intervals 2–3. The PP in interval 3 is caused by peak shaving requiring discharge power from the battery. Thus, a positive MPO can not be fulfilled. Finally, the PP in interval 4 is caused by a lack of energy in the battery, due to the previous peak shaving commitments