Fig. 3
From: A framework for researching energy optimization of factory operations
Control signals of a 3 day test episode. In comparison to the conventional (Conv.) controller, the DRL controller preferably utilizes one cooling tower pair up to its highest power level before activating the next. This keeps unneeded water pumps inactive, reducing energy cost. This approach also allows for fewer total switching operations, improving switching cost (Weigold et al. 2021)