Table 9 Category of 17 identified features

EV charging

EV charging based on electricity production by DERs (Feature 7)

EV and battery charging at charging stations (Features 4 & 11)

Algorithm

Smart charging algorithm and optimization (Features 3 & 5)

Communication

Communication between EVs and others (including charging points, and the grid, energy scheduler and data aggregator) (Features 2,10, 15, 16)

Load management

Load management by DSO, energy scheduler and data aggregator (Feature 14)

Energy flexibility

V2G and participation in control/regulation market (Features 1, 8, 9)

Involved actors

Grid operator (Feature 13), datacenter and database (Feature 12), broker (Feature 17), Generation units (Feature 6)