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Table 4 Selected models including their performance and data source

From: A scoping review of deep neural networks for electric load forecasting

Reference

Model

RMSE / RMSPE

MAPE / MAE

Horizon

Data Context

(Katsatos & Moustris, 2019)

MLP

20.5 kWh

16.4%

24 h

Data collected from public building in Athens, Greece

(Koprinska et al., 2018)

CNN

476.9 kW / 2392.88 kW / 642.52 kW

340.64 kW / 1884.86 kW / 497.62 kW

24 h

Publicly available data from Australia, Portugal, and Spain

(Ferlito et al., 2015)

NARNN

15.7% – 17.97%

3mo – 12mo

Data collected from public building in Eboli, Italy

(Timur et al., 2020)

RBF

0.33 MWh

11.83%

1mo

Data collected from hospital building in Adana, Turkey

(Selvi & Mishra, 2018)

Unspecified ANN

2.9%

1 h

Data collected from DSO in Delhi, India.

(Torabi & Hashemi, 2012)

Unspecified ANN

1.96%

1 h

Data from Bandar Abbas, Iran

(Eseye et al., 2019)

Unspecified ANN

1.96%

24 h

Data collected from buildings in Espoo, Finland.

(Aurangzeb et al., 2021)

CNN

39%

24 h

Data collected from households in Australia for Smart Grid Project

(Jarábek et al., 2018)

LSTM

15%

24 h

Data collected from enterprises in Slovakia.

(Khan & Jayaweera, 2018)

Unspecified NN

5.85% – 16.25% / 7.92 kWh – 22.93 kWh

24 h

Data collected from smart meters in Ireland.

(Barzola-Monteses et al., 2020)

LSTM

5.085 kW

3.714 kW

24 h

Data collected from public building in Guayaquil, Ecuador

(Vinagre et al., 2015)

MLP

13.6%

5 min

Data collected from office SCADA system

(Rosato et al., 2019)

LSTM

2.252 kW – 7.061 kW

24 h

Data collected from power plant in Denver, CO

(Qi et al., 2020)

CNN-LSTM

1%

24 h

Data collected from industrial area in China.

(Pramono et al., 2019)

CNN-LSTM

203.23 kW

2.02% / 142.23 kW

1 h

Data collected from public datasets (New England, USA & Switzerland)

(Kim & Cho, 2019a)

CNN-LSTM

0.6114 kW

34.84% / 0.3493 kW

1 h

Data collected from UCI ML repository on households

(Al Khafaf et al., 2019)

LSTM

3.15%

3 day

Data collected from households in Victoria, Australia

(Ves et al., 2019)

Ensemble

6.19 kWh

1.59% / 5.60 kWh

4-24 h

Publicly available data UK-DALE

(Bot et al., 2020)

Ensemble

0.8 kW – 1.6 kW

12 h

Data collected from Smart Home in Davis, USA

(Ai et al., 2020)

Ensemble

0.0199%

24 h

Data collected from households in Norway.

(Chenglei et al., 2015)

PSO-ANN

0.0169% - 0.0606%

24 h

Data from buildings in America