Fig. 1
From: Mind the gap- open communication protocols for vehicle grid integration
Typical charging locations for private passenger BEVs. Home (i.e. residential) charging locations include private locations such as garages and off-street parking, and public locations such as on-street parking. When charging infrastructure at home and work (typically <= 22 kW) is neither available nor practical to meet charging demand, quick and fast chargers (50–150+ kW) located at “Other” locations such as supermarkets, and filling stations in urban areas and along long-distance travel corridors can be used to meet charging needs (Neaimeh et al. 2017; Nicholas and Hall 2018; Danish Electric Vehicle Alliance and DTU 2019)