Fig. 8

This plot compares the behavior of cold- and warm-starts. In the first scenario starting with iteration 0, a cold-start is performed. In the other two scenarios, at iteration 300 and 600, load steps occur, while the algorithm is operated in a warm-start fashion, where voltages and Lagrangian multipliers of the previous scenario are reused. The iterations needed for convergence are indicated with dashed lines (green) for the three scenarios