Table 13 The Business Ecosystem Modeling With The Integration of System Modeling and Ecosystem Theory

Part I- Stage 1

Identify the boundary of a selected ecosystem.

Domain oriented business ecosystem.

Innovation ecosystem.

Digital ecosystem.

Ontology development.

System architecture .

Types of ecosystem.

Ecosystem hierarchy.

Part I- Stage 2

Identify actors and their roles in the ecosystem.

Stakeholders.

Business models.

Domain ontology.

System standards.

Categories of organisms (Lundberg and Moberg 2003)(producers, consumers, decomposers.)

Types of keystone species (Mills et al. 1993) (predators, mutualists, engineers.)

Part I- Stage 3

Identify actors’ value propositions and business models.

Business model (Zott and Amit 2013).

Value creation (Clarysse et al. 2014).

Business services.

Value stream.

Ecosystem function and biodiversity (Duffy 2002).

Part I- Stage 4

Identify interaction between actors (different types of interactions.)

Value co-creation.

Value flows (Matthies et al. 2016) (monetary, product, information and intangible.)

Social network analysis (Ashton 2008).

Flows (e.g., information exchange.)

Associations (in UML diagram.)

Service-oriented architecture (in TOGAF.)

Intra-specific & inter-specific ecological interaction.

Ecosystem services

Matter, energy and information flows.

Part II- Stage 1

Investigate influential factors and their impact on the elements in the ecosystem (actors, roles, and interaction.)

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Motivation and strategy (in ArchiMate.)

System thinking (Rubenstein-Montano et al. 2001).

machine logic (Polic and Jezernik 2005).

Assessment and indicator of ecosystem conditions.

Part II- Stage 2

Investigate potential changes in the ecosystem.

Emergence and co-evolution (Peltoniemi and Vuori 2004b).

Risk management/ assessment (Sage and Rouse 2014).

Ecosystem change (Elmqvist et al. 2003).

Part III- Stage 1

Multi-agent based ecosystem simulation to identify ecosystem reaction towards the potential changes.

Multi-agent-based models (Lurgi and Estanyol 2010).

System dynamics (Karnopp et al. 2012).

System dynamics

Multi-agent based modeling.

Part III- Stage 2

Ecosystem reconfiguration (including reconfiguration of actors, roles, and interaction) due to changes.

Business ecosystem lifecycle (Rong et al. 2015).

System lifecycle management (Sage and Rouse 2014).

Evolution of ecosystems (Azaele et al. 2006).

Part III- Stage 3

Business model recofiguraation.

Business model innovation (Chesbrough 2010).

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