Skip to main content

Table 1 Comparison of two-way payment systems

From: P6V2G: a privacy-preserving V2G scheme for two-way payments and reputation

System

Location privacy

Post-payment

Semi online

Double-spending detection

Reputation

Contingency traceability

Blacklisting

Portable

Formal proof

PRT (Au et al. 2014)

n/a1

/✗

PnC (ISO 15118) (DIN-Normenausschuss Automobiltechnik 2015; 2016)

n/a2

n/a2

E-Cash (Baldimtsi et al. 2015)

/✗

Debit/Credit Card

✗/

n/a2

n/a2

Paper Cash

n/a

P6V2G

  1. 1Double-spending detection is not applicable in online systems.
  2. 2Double-spending detection/traceability are not applicable in identifying systems