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Table 1 CO2 gross and net emission factors fg and generation shares sg of electricity generation technologies in Germany 2017 taken from Wagner et al. (2007), Ensslen et al. (2017), and statista.com (2017)

From: Waiting for the sun - can temporal flexibility in BEV charging avoid carbon emissions?

Generation

\(f_{g}^{g} [g/{kWh}_{el}]\)

\(f^{g}_{n} [g/{kWh}_{el}]\)

sg [%]

Biomass

-200.0

0.0

7.0

Hydro Power

25.0

0.0

3.0

Wind Offshore

25.0

0.0

3.0

Wind Onshore

25.0

0.0

16.0

Photovoltaics

75.0

0.0

7.0

Other Renewables

621.0

0.0

0.0

Nuclear Power

20.0

0.0

14.0

Lignite

1025.0

1159.7

24.0

Hard Coal

925.0

904.8

12.0

Natural Gas

475.0

376.8

3.0

Pump Storage

0.0

0.0

1.0

Other Non-Renewables

621.0

328.1

10.0