Fig. 3
From: Increasing the efficiency of local energy markets through residential demand response
Degree of local sufficiency. Figure 3 shows the simulated DLS dependent on the 4 interaction scenarios as well as the 3 regulatory scenarios that we consider. In the base case interaction scenario, trading is not allowed and only direct self-consumption drives the DLS to 22%. In the trading scenario, the public grid allows no trading due to a non-existent price spread. The microgrid scenario increases the DLS by 0.5% due to a minimal price spread. However, the favorable regulation scenario introduces a large price spread and allows an increase of the DLS by 10%. Including DR allows increasing the DLS significantly in all interaction scenarios. Here, the maximum DLS is reached in the favorable regulation scenario, as both trading with a large price spread and DR are possible. The upper bound scenario shows the maximum theoretically feasible DLS with enforced maximum trading. The theoretically feasible DLS lies at 38%. This is almost reached by the trading and DR scenario in case of the favorable regulation scenario